Textbook
Fender Forces in Ship Berthing Part I: Text
Mathematical formulations are presented that aim at describing the behavior of a ship berthing to an open or closed structure and predicting the related fender forces. For both berthing situations, the impulse response function technique is applied, requiring a linear and time-invariant ship-fluid system. In the case of the closed berth, a direct-time approach is also used, which can account for non-linearities. Both approaches enable the inclusion of arbitrary external forces and, while maintaining all essential features, produce results of sufficient accuracy for practical applications. For verification, experiments were conducted on a scale model, and comparison of theory and experiments shows satisfactory agreement for the methods applied.
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